diff --git a/api/commands.py b/api/commands.py
index 79bb6713d..8177f1a48 100644
--- a/api/commands.py
+++ b/api/commands.py
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import secrets
 from typing import Any, Optional
 
 import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from flask import current_app
 from pydantic import TypeAdapter
 from sqlalchemy import select
@@ -457,7 +458,7 @@ def convert_to_agent_apps():
         """
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query))
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query))
 
             apps = []
             for i in rs:
@@ -702,7 +703,7 @@ def fix_app_site_missing():
         sql = """select apps.id as id from apps left join sites on sites.app_id=apps.id
 where sites.id is null limit 1000"""
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql))
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql))
 
             processed_count = 0
             for i in rs:
@@ -916,7 +917,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
         )
         orphaned_message_files = []
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
             for i in rs:
                 orphaned_message_files.append({"id": str(i[0]), "message_id": str(i[1])})
 
@@ -937,7 +938,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
             click.echo(click.style("- Deleting orphaned message_files records", fg="white"))
             query = "DELETE FROM message_files WHERE id IN :ids"
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                conn.execute(db.text(query), {"ids": tuple([record["id"] for record in orphaned_message_files])})
+                conn.execute(sa.text(query), {"ids": tuple([record["id"] for record in orphaned_message_files])})
             click.echo(
                 click.style(f"Removed {len(orphaned_message_files)} orphaned message_files records.", fg="green")
             )
@@ -954,7 +955,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
             click.echo(click.style(f"- Listing file records in table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
             query = f"SELECT {files_table['id_column']}, {files_table['key_column']} FROM {files_table['table']}"
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
             for i in rs:
                 all_files_in_tables.append({"table": files_table["table"], "id": str(i[0]), "key": i[1]})
         click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_files_in_tables)} files in tables.", fg="white"))
@@ -974,7 +975,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
                     f"SELECT {ids_table['column']} FROM {ids_table['table']} WHERE {ids_table['column']} IS NOT NULL"
                 )
                 with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                    rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+                    rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
                 for i in rs:
                     all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": str(i[0])})
             elif ids_table["type"] == "text":
@@ -989,7 +990,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
                     f"FROM {ids_table['table']}"
                 )
                 with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                    rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+                    rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
                 for i in rs:
                     for j in i[0]:
                         all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": j})
@@ -1008,7 +1009,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
                     f"FROM {ids_table['table']}"
                 )
                 with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                    rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+                    rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
                 for i in rs:
                     for j in i[0]:
                         all_ids_in_tables.append({"table": ids_table["table"], "id": j})
@@ -1037,7 +1038,7 @@ def clear_orphaned_file_records(force: bool):
             click.echo(click.style(f"- Deleting orphaned file records in table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
             query = f"DELETE FROM {files_table['table']} WHERE {files_table['id_column']} IN :ids"
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                conn.execute(db.text(query), {"ids": tuple(orphaned_files)})
+                conn.execute(sa.text(query), {"ids": tuple(orphaned_files)})
     except Exception as e:
         click.echo(click.style(f"Error deleting orphaned file records: {str(e)}", fg="red"))
         return
@@ -1107,7 +1108,7 @@ def remove_orphaned_files_on_storage(force: bool):
             click.echo(click.style(f"- Listing files from table {files_table['table']}", fg="white"))
             query = f"SELECT {files_table['key_column']} FROM {files_table['table']}"
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                rs = conn.execute(db.text(query))
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query))
             for i in rs:
                 all_files_in_tables.append(str(i[0]))
         click.echo(click.style(f"Found {len(all_files_in_tables)} files in tables.", fg="white"))
diff --git a/api/controllers/console/app/statistic.py b/api/controllers/console/app/statistic.py
index 32b64d10c..343b7acd7 100644
--- a/api/controllers/console/app/statistic.py
+++ b/api/controllers/console/app/statistic.py
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "message_count": i.message_count})
 
@@ -176,7 +176,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "terminal_count": i.terminal_count})
 
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append(
                     {"date": str(i.date), "token_count": i.token_count, "total_price": i.total_price, "currency": "USD"}
@@ -310,7 +310,7 @@ ORDER BY
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append(
                     {"date": str(i.date), "interactions": float(i.interactions.quantize(Decimal("0.01")))}
@@ -373,7 +373,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append(
                     {
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "latency": round(i.latency * 1000, 4)})
 
@@ -495,7 +495,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "tps": round(i.tokens_per_second, 4)})
 
diff --git a/api/controllers/console/app/workflow_statistic.py b/api/controllers/console/app/workflow_statistic.py
index 6c7c73707..7f80afd83 100644
--- a/api/controllers/console/app/workflow_statistic.py
+++ b/api/controllers/console/app/workflow_statistic.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from decimal import Decimal
 
 import pytz
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from flask import jsonify
 from flask_login import current_user
 from flask_restful import Resource, reqparse
@@ -71,7 +72,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "runs": i.runs})
 
@@ -133,7 +134,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append({"date": str(i.date), "terminal_count": i.terminal_count})
 
@@ -195,7 +196,7 @@ WHERE
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append(
                     {
@@ -277,7 +278,7 @@ GROUP BY
         response_data = []
 
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql_query), arg_dict)
             for i in rs:
                 response_data.append(
                     {"date": str(i.date), "interactions": float(i.interactions.quantize(Decimal("0.01")))}
diff --git a/api/core/tools/tool_manager.py b/api/core/tools/tool_manager.py
index 1bb4cfa4c..2737bcfb1 100644
--- a/api/core/tools/tool_manager.py
+++ b/api/core/tools/tool_manager.py
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ from os import listdir, path
 from threading import Lock
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Literal, Optional, Union, cast
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from pydantic import TypeAdapter
 from yarl import URL
 
@@ -616,7 +617,7 @@ class ToolManager:
                 WHERE tenant_id = :tenant_id
                 ORDER BY tenant_id, provider, is_default DESC, created_at DESC
                 """
-        ids = [row.id for row in db.session.execute(db.text(sql), {"tenant_id": tenant_id}).all()]
+        ids = [row.id for row in db.session.execute(sa.text(sql), {"tenant_id": tenant_id}).all()]
         return db.session.query(BuiltinToolProvider).where(BuiltinToolProvider.id.in_(ids)).all()
 
     @classmethod
diff --git a/api/models/account.py b/api/models/account.py
index 343705589..1a0752440 100644
--- a/api/models/account.py
+++ b/api/models/account.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import json
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional, cast
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from flask_login import UserMixin  # type: ignore
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, func, select
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column, reconstructor
@@ -83,9 +84,9 @@ class AccountStatus(enum.StrEnum):
 
 class Account(UserMixin, Base):
     __tablename__ = "accounts"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_pkey"), db.Index("account_email_idx", "email"))
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_pkey"), sa.Index("account_email_idx", "email"))
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     email: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     password: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))
@@ -97,7 +98,7 @@ class Account(UserMixin, Base):
     last_login_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     last_login_ip: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     last_active_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False)
-    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16), server_default=db.text("'active'::character varying"))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16), server_default=sa.text("'active'::character varying"))
     initialized_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False)
@@ -195,14 +196,14 @@ class TenantStatus(enum.StrEnum):
 
 class Tenant(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tenants"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_pkey"),)
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_pkey"),)
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    encrypt_public_key = db.Column(db.Text)
-    plan: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'basic'::character varying"))
-    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'normal'::character varying"))
-    custom_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    encrypt_public_key = db.Column(sa.Text)
+    plan: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'basic'::character varying"))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'normal'::character varying"))
+    custom_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), nullable=False)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
@@ -225,16 +226,16 @@ class Tenant(Base):
 class TenantAccountJoin(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tenant_account_joins"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_account_join_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tenant_account_join_account_id_idx", "account_id"),
-        db.Index("tenant_account_join_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "account_id", name="unique_tenant_account_join"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_account_join_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tenant_account_join_account_id_idx", "account_id"),
+        sa.Index("tenant_account_join_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "account_id", name="unique_tenant_account_join"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     account_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    current: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    current: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16), server_default="normal")
     invited_by: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -244,12 +245,12 @@ class TenantAccountJoin(Base):
 class AccountIntegrate(Base):
     __tablename__ = "account_integrates"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_integrate_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("account_id", "provider", name="unique_account_provider"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("provider", "open_id", name="unique_provider_open_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_integrate_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("account_id", "provider", name="unique_account_provider"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("provider", "open_id", name="unique_provider_open_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     account_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16))
     open_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
@@ -261,20 +262,20 @@ class AccountIntegrate(Base):
 class InvitationCode(Base):
     __tablename__ = "invitation_codes"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="invitation_code_pkey"),
-        db.Index("invitation_codes_batch_idx", "batch"),
-        db.Index("invitation_codes_code_idx", "code", "status"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="invitation_code_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("invitation_codes_batch_idx", "batch"),
+        sa.Index("invitation_codes_code_idx", "code", "status"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer)
+    id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer)
     batch: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(32))
-    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16), server_default=db.text("'unused'::character varying"))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(16), server_default=sa.text("'unused'::character varying"))
     used_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime)
     used_by_tenant_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     used_by_account_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     deprecated_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
-    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
 
 
 class TenantPluginPermission(Base):
@@ -290,11 +291,11 @@ class TenantPluginPermission(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "account_plugin_permissions"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_plugin_permission_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", name="unique_tenant_plugin"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="account_plugin_permission_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", name="unique_tenant_plugin"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     install_permission: Mapped[InstallPermission] = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False, server_default="everyone")
     debug_permission: Mapped[DebugPermission] = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False, server_default="noone")
@@ -313,16 +314,16 @@ class TenantPluginAutoUpgradeStrategy(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tenant_plugin_auto_upgrade_strategies"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_plugin_auto_upgrade_strategy_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", name="unique_tenant_plugin_auto_upgrade_strategy"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_plugin_auto_upgrade_strategy_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", name="unique_tenant_plugin_auto_upgrade_strategy"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     strategy_setting: Mapped[StrategySetting] = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False, server_default="fix_only")
-    upgrade_time_of_day: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)  # seconds of the day
+    upgrade_time_of_day: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)  # seconds of the day
     upgrade_mode: Mapped[UpgradeMode] = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False, server_default="exclude")
-    exclude_plugins: Mapped[list[str]] = mapped_column(db.ARRAY(String(255)), nullable=False)  # plugin_id (author/name)
-    include_plugins: Mapped[list[str]] = mapped_column(db.ARRAY(String(255)), nullable=False)  # plugin_id (author/name)
+    exclude_plugins: Mapped[list[str]] = mapped_column(sa.ARRAY(String(255)), nullable=False)  # plugin_id (author/name)
+    include_plugins: Mapped[list[str]] = mapped_column(sa.ARRAY(String(255)), nullable=False)  # plugin_id (author/name)
     created_at = db.Column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at = db.Column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
diff --git a/api/models/api_based_extension.py b/api/models/api_based_extension.py
index ac9eda682..60167d906 100644
--- a/api/models/api_based_extension.py
+++ b/api/models/api_based_extension.py
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 import enum
 from datetime import datetime
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, Text, func
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
 from .base import Base
-from .engine import db
 from .types import StringUUID
 
 
@@ -19,11 +19,11 @@ class APIBasedExtensionPoint(enum.Enum):
 class APIBasedExtension(Base):
     __tablename__ = "api_based_extensions"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_based_extension_pkey"),
-        db.Index("api_based_extension_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_based_extension_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("api_based_extension_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     api_endpoint: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
diff --git a/api/models/dataset.py b/api/models/dataset.py
index e62101ae7..3b1d289bc 100644
--- a/api/models/dataset.py
+++ b/api/models/dataset.py
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from json import JSONDecodeError
 from typing import Any, Optional, cast
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, func, select
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
@@ -38,23 +39,23 @@ class DatasetPermissionEnum(enum.StrEnum):
 class Dataset(Base):
     __tablename__ = "datasets"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("retrieval_model_idx", "retrieval_model", postgresql_using="gin"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("retrieval_model_idx", "retrieval_model", postgresql_using="gin"),
     )
 
     INDEXING_TECHNIQUE_LIST = ["high_quality", "economy", None]
     PROVIDER_LIST = ["vendor", "external", None]
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    description = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'vendor'::character varying"))
-    permission: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'only_me'::character varying"))
+    description = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'vendor'::character varying"))
+    permission: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'only_me'::character varying"))
     data_source_type = mapped_column(String(255))
     indexing_technique: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    index_struct = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    index_struct = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
@@ -63,7 +64,7 @@ class Dataset(Base):
     embedding_model_provider = db.Column(String(255), nullable=True)  # TODO: mapped_column
     collection_binding_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     retrieval_model = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=True)
-    built_in_field_enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    built_in_field_enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
 
     @property
     def dataset_keyword_table(self):
@@ -262,14 +263,14 @@ class Dataset(Base):
 class DatasetProcessRule(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_process_rules"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_process_rule_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_process_rule_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_process_rule_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_process_rule_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    mode = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'automatic'::character varying"))
-    rules = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    mode = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'automatic'::character varying"))
+    rules = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
@@ -302,20 +303,20 @@ class DatasetProcessRule(Base):
 class Document(Base):
     __tablename__ = "documents"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="document_pkey"),
-        db.Index("document_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("document_is_paused_idx", "is_paused"),
-        db.Index("document_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("document_metadata_idx", "doc_metadata", postgresql_using="gin"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="document_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("document_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_is_paused_idx", "is_paused"),
+        sa.Index("document_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_metadata_idx", "doc_metadata", postgresql_using="gin"),
     )
 
     # initial fields
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
     data_source_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    data_source_info = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    data_source_info = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     dataset_process_rule_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     batch: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
@@ -328,8 +329,8 @@ class Document(Base):
     processing_started_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # parsing
-    file_id = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    word_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)  # TODO: make this not nullable
+    file_id = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    word_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)  # TODO: make this not nullable
     parsing_completed_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # cleaning
@@ -339,32 +340,32 @@ class Document(Base):
     splitting_completed_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # indexing
-    tokens: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    indexing_latency: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=True)
+    tokens: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    indexing_latency: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=True)
     completed_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # pause
-    is_paused: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    is_paused: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     paused_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     paused_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # error
-    error = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    error = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     stopped_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     # basic fields
-    indexing_status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'waiting'::character varying"))
-    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    indexing_status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'waiting'::character varying"))
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
     disabled_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     disabled_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    archived: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    archived: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     archived_reason = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     archived_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     archived_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     doc_type = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=True)
     doc_metadata = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=True)
-    doc_form = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'text_model'::character varying"))
+    doc_form = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'text_model'::character varying"))
     doc_language = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
 
     DATA_SOURCES = ["upload_file", "notion_import", "website_crawl"]
@@ -643,44 +644,44 @@ class Document(Base):
 class DocumentSegment(Base):
     __tablename__ = "document_segments"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="document_segment_pkey"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_document_id_idx", "document_id"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_tenant_dataset_idx", "dataset_id", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_tenant_document_idx", "document_id", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_node_dataset_idx", "index_node_id", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("document_segment_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="document_segment_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_document_id_idx", "document_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_tenant_dataset_idx", "dataset_id", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_tenant_document_idx", "document_id", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_node_dataset_idx", "index_node_id", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("document_segment_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
     )
 
     # initial fields
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     document_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     position: Mapped[int]
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    answer = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    answer = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     word_count: Mapped[int]
     tokens: Mapped[int]
 
     # indexing fields
-    keywords = mapped_column(db.JSON, nullable=True)
+    keywords = mapped_column(sa.JSON, nullable=True)
     index_node_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     index_node_hash = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
 
     # basic fields
-    hit_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
-    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    hit_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
     disabled_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     disabled_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'waiting'::character varying"))
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'waiting'::character varying"))
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     indexing_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     completed_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
-    error = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    error = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     stopped_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     @property
@@ -794,36 +795,36 @@ class DocumentSegment(Base):
 class ChildChunk(Base):
     __tablename__ = "child_chunks"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="child_chunk_pkey"),
-        db.Index("child_chunk_dataset_id_idx", "tenant_id", "dataset_id", "document_id", "segment_id", "index_node_id"),
-        db.Index("child_chunks_node_idx", "index_node_id", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("child_chunks_segment_idx", "segment_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="child_chunk_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("child_chunk_dataset_id_idx", "tenant_id", "dataset_id", "document_id", "segment_id", "index_node_id"),
+        sa.Index("child_chunks_node_idx", "index_node_id", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("child_chunks_segment_idx", "segment_id"),
     )
 
     # initial fields
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     document_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     segment_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    word_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    word_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
     # indexing fields
     index_node_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     index_node_hash = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
-    type = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'automatic'::character varying"))
+    type = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'automatic'::character varying"))
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     indexing_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
     completed_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
-    error = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    error = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
 
     @property
     def dataset(self):
@@ -841,11 +842,11 @@ class ChildChunk(Base):
 class AppDatasetJoin(Base):
     __tablename__ = "app_dataset_joins"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_dataset_join_pkey"),
-        db.Index("app_dataset_join_app_dataset_idx", "dataset_id", "app_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_dataset_join_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("app_dataset_join_app_dataset_idx", "dataset_id", "app_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
@@ -858,13 +859,13 @@ class AppDatasetJoin(Base):
 class DatasetQuery(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_queries"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_query_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_query_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_query_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_query_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     source_app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     created_by_role = mapped_column(String, nullable=False)
@@ -875,15 +876,15 @@ class DatasetQuery(Base):
 class DatasetKeywordTable(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_keyword_tables"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_keyword_table_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_keyword_table_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_keyword_table_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_keyword_table_dataset_id_idx", "dataset_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, unique=True)
-    keyword_table = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    keyword_table = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     data_source_type = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'database'::character varying")
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'database'::character varying")
     )
 
     @property
@@ -920,19 +921,19 @@ class DatasetKeywordTable(Base):
 class Embedding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "embeddings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="embedding_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("model_name", "hash", "provider_name", name="embedding_hash_idx"),
-        db.Index("created_at_idx", "created_at"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="embedding_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("model_name", "hash", "provider_name", name="embedding_hash_idx"),
+        sa.Index("created_at_idx", "created_at"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     model_name = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'text-embedding-ada-002'::character varying")
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'text-embedding-ada-002'::character varying")
     )
     hash = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
-    embedding = mapped_column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
+    embedding = mapped_column(sa.LargeBinary, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    provider_name = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("''::character varying"))
+    provider_name = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("''::character varying"))
 
     def set_embedding(self, embedding_data: list[float]):
         self.embedding = pickle.dumps(embedding_data, protocol=pickle.HIGHEST_PROTOCOL)
@@ -944,14 +945,14 @@ class Embedding(Base):
 class DatasetCollectionBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_collection_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_collection_bindings_pkey"),
-        db.Index("provider_model_name_idx", "provider_name", "model_name"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_collection_bindings_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("provider_model_name_idx", "provider_name", "model_name"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     provider_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    type = mapped_column(String(40), server_default=db.text("'dataset'::character varying"), nullable=False)
+    type = mapped_column(String(40), server_default=sa.text("'dataset'::character varying"), nullable=False)
     collection_name = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
@@ -959,17 +960,17 @@ class DatasetCollectionBinding(Base):
 class TidbAuthBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tidb_auth_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tidb_auth_bindings_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_active_idx", "active"),
-        db.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_created_at_idx", "created_at"),
-        db.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_status_idx", "status"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tidb_auth_bindings_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_active_idx", "active"),
+        sa.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_created_at_idx", "created_at"),
+        sa.Index("tidb_auth_bindings_status_idx", "status"),
     )
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     cluster_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     cluster_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
     status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'CREATING'::character varying"))
     account: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     password: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
@@ -979,10 +980,10 @@ class TidbAuthBinding(Base):
 class Whitelist(Base):
     __tablename__ = "whitelists"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="whitelists_pkey"),
-        db.Index("whitelists_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="whitelists_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("whitelists_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
     )
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     category: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -991,33 +992,33 @@ class Whitelist(Base):
 class DatasetPermission(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_permissions"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_permission_pkey"),
-        db.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_dataset_id", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_account_id", "account_id"),
-        db.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_tenant_id", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_permission_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_dataset_id", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_account_id", "account_id"),
+        sa.Index("idx_dataset_permissions_tenant_id", "tenant_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"), primary_key=True)
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"), primary_key=True)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    has_permission: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    has_permission: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class ExternalKnowledgeApis(Base):
     __tablename__ = "external_knowledge_apis"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="external_knowledge_apis_pkey"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_apis_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_apis_name_idx", "name"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="external_knowledge_apis_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_apis_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_apis_name_idx", "name"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    settings = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    settings = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
@@ -1061,18 +1062,18 @@ class ExternalKnowledgeApis(Base):
 class ExternalKnowledgeBindings(Base):
     __tablename__ = "external_knowledge_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="external_knowledge_bindings_pkey"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_external_knowledge_idx", "external_knowledge_id"),
-        db.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_external_knowledge_api_idx", "external_knowledge_api_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="external_knowledge_bindings_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_external_knowledge_idx", "external_knowledge_id"),
+        sa.Index("external_knowledge_bindings_external_knowledge_api_idx", "external_knowledge_api_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     external_knowledge_api_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    external_knowledge_id = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    external_knowledge_id = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
@@ -1082,57 +1083,57 @@ class ExternalKnowledgeBindings(Base):
 class DatasetAutoDisableLog(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_auto_disable_logs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_auto_disable_log_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_created_atx", "created_at"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_auto_disable_log_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_auto_disable_log_created_atx", "created_at"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     document_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    notified: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    notified: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
 
 
 class RateLimitLog(Base):
     __tablename__ = "rate_limit_logs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="rate_limit_log_pkey"),
-        db.Index("rate_limit_log_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("rate_limit_log_operation_idx", "operation"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="rate_limit_log_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("rate_limit_log_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("rate_limit_log_operation_idx", "operation"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     subscription_plan: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     operation: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
 
 
 class DatasetMetadata(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_metadatas"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_metadata_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_metadata_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
@@ -1141,14 +1142,14 @@ class DatasetMetadata(Base):
 class DatasetMetadataBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_metadata_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_metadata_binding_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_metadata_idx", "metadata_id"),
-        db.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_document_idx", "document_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_metadata_binding_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_dataset_idx", "dataset_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_metadata_idx", "metadata_id"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_metadata_binding_document_idx", "document_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     metadata_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
diff --git a/api/models/model.py b/api/models/model.py
index fba0d692e..c4303f3cc 100644
--- a/api/models/model.py
+++ b/api/models/model.py
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ from .types import StringUUID
 
 class DifySetup(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dify_setups"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("version", name="dify_setup_pkey"),)
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("version", name="dify_setup_pkey"),)
 
     version: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    setup_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    setup_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class AppMode(StrEnum):
@@ -69,33 +69,33 @@ class IconType(Enum):
 
 class App(Base):
     __tablename__ = "apps"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_pkey"), db.Index("app_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"))
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_pkey"), sa.Index("app_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"))
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, server_default=db.text("''::character varying"))
+    description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, server_default=sa.text("''::character varying"))
     mode: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     icon_type: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))  # image, emoji
     icon = db.Column(String(255))
     icon_background: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))
     app_model_config_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     workflow_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=db.text("'normal'::character varying"))
-    enable_site: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean)
-    enable_api: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean)
-    api_rpm: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    api_rph: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    is_demo: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, server_default=db.text("false"))
-    is_public: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, server_default=db.text("false"))
-    is_universal: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, server_default=db.text("false"))
-    tracing = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), server_default=sa.text("'normal'::character varying"))
+    enable_site: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean)
+    enable_api: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean)
+    api_rpm: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    api_rph: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    is_demo: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, server_default=sa.text("false"))
+    is_public: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, server_default=sa.text("false"))
+    is_universal: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, server_default=sa.text("false"))
+    tracing = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     max_active_requests: Mapped[Optional[int]]
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    use_icon_as_answer_icon: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    use_icon_as_answer_icon: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
 
     @property
     def desc_or_prompt(self):
@@ -302,36 +302,36 @@ class App(Base):
 
 class AppModelConfig(Base):
     __tablename__ = "app_model_configs"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_model_config_pkey"), db.Index("app_app_id_idx", "app_id"))
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_model_config_pkey"), sa.Index("app_app_id_idx", "app_id"))
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     provider = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     model_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
-    configs = mapped_column(db.JSON, nullable=True)
+    configs = mapped_column(sa.JSON, nullable=True)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    opening_statement = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    suggested_questions = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    suggested_questions_after_answer = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    speech_to_text = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    text_to_speech = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    more_like_this = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    model = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    user_input_form = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    opening_statement = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    suggested_questions = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    suggested_questions_after_answer = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    speech_to_text = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    text_to_speech = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    more_like_this = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    model = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    user_input_form = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     dataset_query_variable = mapped_column(String(255))
-    pre_prompt = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    agent_mode = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    sensitive_word_avoidance = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    retriever_resource = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    prompt_type = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'simple'::character varying"))
-    chat_prompt_config = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    completion_prompt_config = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    dataset_configs = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    external_data_tools = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    file_upload = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    pre_prompt = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    agent_mode = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    sensitive_word_avoidance = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    retriever_resource = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    prompt_type = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'simple'::character varying"))
+    chat_prompt_config = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    completion_prompt_config = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    dataset_configs = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    external_data_tools = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    file_upload = mapped_column(sa.Text)
 
     @property
     def app(self):
@@ -553,24 +553,24 @@ class AppModelConfig(Base):
 class RecommendedApp(Base):
     __tablename__ = "recommended_apps"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="recommended_app_pkey"),
-        db.Index("recommended_app_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.Index("recommended_app_is_listed_idx", "is_listed", "language"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="recommended_app_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("recommended_app_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("recommended_app_is_listed_idx", "is_listed", "language"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    description = mapped_column(db.JSON, nullable=False)
+    description = mapped_column(sa.JSON, nullable=False)
     copyright: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     privacy_policy: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     custom_disclaimer: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.TEXT, default="")
     category: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
-    is_listed: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, default=True)
-    install_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
-    language = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'en-US'::character varying"))
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
+    is_listed: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, default=True)
+    install_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
+    language = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'en-US'::character varying"))
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def app(self):
@@ -581,20 +581,20 @@ class RecommendedApp(Base):
 class InstalledApp(Base):
     __tablename__ = "installed_apps"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="installed_app_pkey"),
-        db.Index("installed_app_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("installed_app_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_tenant_app"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="installed_app_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("installed_app_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("installed_app_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_tenant_app"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_owner_tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
-    is_pinned: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
-    last_used_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, default=0)
+    is_pinned: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
+    last_used_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=True)
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def app(self):
@@ -610,23 +610,23 @@ class InstalledApp(Base):
 class Conversation(Base):
     __tablename__ = "conversations"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="conversation_pkey"),
-        db.Index("conversation_app_from_user_idx", "app_id", "from_source", "from_end_user_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="conversation_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("conversation_app_from_user_idx", "app_id", "from_source", "from_end_user_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_model_config_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     model_provider = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
-    override_model_configs = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    override_model_configs = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     model_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     mode: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    summary = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    _inputs: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column("inputs", db.JSON)
-    introduction = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    system_instruction = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    system_instruction_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
+    summary = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    _inputs: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column("inputs", sa.JSON)
+    introduction = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    system_instruction = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    system_instruction_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
     status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
 
     # The `invoke_from` records how the conversation is created.
@@ -639,18 +639,18 @@ class Conversation(Base):
     from_source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     from_end_user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     from_account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    read_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime)
+    read_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime)
     read_account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     dialogue_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(default=0)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     messages = db.relationship("Message", backref="conversation", lazy="select", passive_deletes="all")
     message_annotations = db.relationship(
         "MessageAnnotation", backref="conversation", lazy="select", passive_deletes="all"
     )
 
-    is_deleted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    is_deleted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
 
     @property
     def inputs(self):
@@ -892,36 +892,36 @@ class Message(Base):
         Index("message_created_at_idx", "created_at"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     model_provider = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     model_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
-    override_model_configs = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    conversation_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, db.ForeignKey("conversations.id"), nullable=False)
-    _inputs: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column("inputs", db.JSON)
-    query: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    message = mapped_column(db.JSON, nullable=False)
-    message_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    message_unit_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
-    message_price_unit = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0.001"))
-    answer: Mapped[str] = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)  # TODO make it mapped_column
-    answer_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
-    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0.001"))
+    override_model_configs = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    conversation_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, sa.ForeignKey("conversations.id"), nullable=False)
+    _inputs: Mapped[dict] = mapped_column("inputs", sa.JSON)
+    query: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    message = mapped_column(sa.JSON, nullable=False)
+    message_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    message_unit_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
+    message_price_unit = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0.001"))
+    answer: Mapped[str] = db.Column(sa.Text, nullable=False)  # TODO make it mapped_column
+    answer_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
+    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0.001"))
     parent_message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    provider_response_latency = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    total_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7))
+    provider_response_latency = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    total_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7))
     currency: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'normal'::character varying"))
-    error = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    message_metadata = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'normal'::character varying"))
+    error = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    message_metadata = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     invoke_from: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     from_source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     from_end_user_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     from_account_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(db.DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    agent_based: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    agent_based: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     workflow_run_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
 
     @property
@@ -1228,23 +1228,23 @@ class Message(Base):
 class MessageFeedback(Base):
     __tablename__ = "message_feedbacks"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_feedback_pkey"),
-        db.Index("message_feedback_app_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.Index("message_feedback_message_idx", "message_id", "from_source"),
-        db.Index("message_feedback_conversation_idx", "conversation_id", "from_source", "rating"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_feedback_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("message_feedback_app_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("message_feedback_message_idx", "message_id", "from_source"),
+        sa.Index("message_feedback_conversation_idx", "conversation_id", "from_source", "rating"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     conversation_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     rating: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     from_source: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     from_end_user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     from_account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def from_account(self):
@@ -1270,9 +1270,9 @@ class MessageFeedback(Base):
 class MessageFile(Base):
     __tablename__ = "message_files"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_file_pkey"),
-        db.Index("message_file_message_idx", "message_id"),
-        db.Index("message_file_created_by_idx", "created_by"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_file_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("message_file_message_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.Index("message_file_created_by_idx", "created_by"),
     )
 
     def __init__(
@@ -1296,37 +1296,37 @@ class MessageFile(Base):
         self.created_by_role = created_by_role.value
         self.created_by = created_by
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     message_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     transfer_method: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    url: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    url: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     belongs_to: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     upload_file_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     created_by_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_by: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class MessageAnnotation(Base):
     __tablename__ = "message_annotations"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_annotation_pkey"),
-        db.Index("message_annotation_app_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.Index("message_annotation_conversation_idx", "conversation_id"),
-        db.Index("message_annotation_message_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_annotation_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("message_annotation_app_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("message_annotation_conversation_idx", "conversation_id"),
+        sa.Index("message_annotation_message_idx", "message_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    conversation_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID, db.ForeignKey("conversations.id"))
+    conversation_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID, sa.ForeignKey("conversations.id"))
     message_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    question = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    hit_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
+    question = db.Column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    hit_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
     account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def account(self):
@@ -1342,24 +1342,24 @@ class MessageAnnotation(Base):
 class AppAnnotationHitHistory(Base):
     __tablename__ = "app_annotation_hit_histories"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_annotation_hit_histories_pkey"),
-        db.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_app_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_account_idx", "account_id"),
-        db.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_annotation_idx", "annotation_id"),
-        db.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_message_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_annotation_hit_histories_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_app_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_account_idx", "account_id"),
+        sa.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_annotation_idx", "annotation_id"),
+        sa.Index("app_annotation_hit_histories_message_idx", "message_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     annotation_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    source = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    question = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    source = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    question = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    score = mapped_column(Float, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    score = mapped_column(Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    annotation_question = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    annotation_content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    annotation_question = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    annotation_content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
     @property
     def account(self):
@@ -1380,18 +1380,18 @@ class AppAnnotationHitHistory(Base):
 class AppAnnotationSetting(Base):
     __tablename__ = "app_annotation_settings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_annotation_settings_pkey"),
-        db.Index("app_annotation_settings_app_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_annotation_settings_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("app_annotation_settings_app_idx", "app_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    score_threshold = mapped_column(Float, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
+    score_threshold = mapped_column(Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
     collection_binding_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def collection_binding_detail(self):
@@ -1408,58 +1408,58 @@ class AppAnnotationSetting(Base):
 class OperationLog(Base):
     __tablename__ = "operation_logs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="operation_log_pkey"),
-        db.Index("operation_log_account_action_idx", "tenant_id", "account_id", "action"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="operation_log_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("operation_log_account_action_idx", "tenant_id", "account_id", "action"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     account_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     action: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    content = mapped_column(db.JSON)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    content = mapped_column(sa.JSON)
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     created_ip: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class EndUser(Base, UserMixin):
     __tablename__ = "end_users"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="end_user_pkey"),
-        db.Index("end_user_session_id_idx", "session_id", "type"),
-        db.Index("end_user_tenant_session_id_idx", "tenant_id", "session_id", "type"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="end_user_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("end_user_session_id_idx", "session_id", "type"),
+        sa.Index("end_user_tenant_session_id_idx", "tenant_id", "session_id", "type"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     external_user_id = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     name = mapped_column(String(255))
-    is_anonymous: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    is_anonymous: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
     session_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column()
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class AppMCPServer(Base):
     __tablename__ = "app_mcp_servers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_mcp_server_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_app_mcp_server_tenant_app_id"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("server_code", name="unique_app_mcp_server_server_code"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="app_mcp_server_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_app_mcp_server_tenant_app_id"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("server_code", name="unique_app_mcp_server_server_code"),
     )
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     server_code: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'normal'::character varying"))
-    parameters = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'normal'::character varying"))
+    parameters = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @staticmethod
     def generate_server_code(n):
@@ -1478,34 +1478,34 @@ class AppMCPServer(Base):
 class Site(Base):
     __tablename__ = "sites"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="site_pkey"),
-        db.Index("site_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
-        db.Index("site_code_idx", "code", "status"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="site_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("site_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.Index("site_code_idx", "code", "status"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     icon_type = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     icon = mapped_column(String(255))
     icon_background = mapped_column(String(255))
-    description = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    description = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     default_language: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     chat_color_theme = mapped_column(String(255))
-    chat_color_theme_inverted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    chat_color_theme_inverted: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     copyright = mapped_column(String(255))
     privacy_policy = mapped_column(String(255))
-    show_workflow_steps: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
-    use_icon_as_answer_icon: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    show_workflow_steps: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
+    use_icon_as_answer_icon: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     _custom_disclaimer: Mapped[str] = mapped_column("custom_disclaimer", sa.TEXT, default="")
     customize_domain = mapped_column(String(255))
     customize_token_strategy: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    prompt_public: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
-    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'normal'::character varying"))
+    prompt_public: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
+    status = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'normal'::character varying"))
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    updated_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     code = mapped_column(String(255))
 
     @property
@@ -1535,19 +1535,19 @@ class Site(Base):
 class ApiToken(Base):
     __tablename__ = "api_tokens"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_token_pkey"),
-        db.Index("api_token_app_id_type_idx", "app_id", "type"),
-        db.Index("api_token_token_idx", "token", "type"),
-        db.Index("api_token_tenant_idx", "tenant_id", "type"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_token_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("api_token_app_id_type_idx", "app_id", "type"),
+        sa.Index("api_token_token_idx", "token", "type"),
+        sa.Index("api_token_tenant_idx", "tenant_id", "type"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     type = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False)
     token: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    last_used_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    last_used_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=True)
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
     @staticmethod
     def generate_api_key(prefix, n):
@@ -1561,26 +1561,26 @@ class ApiToken(Base):
 class UploadFile(Base):
     __tablename__ = "upload_files"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="upload_file_pkey"),
-        db.Index("upload_file_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="upload_file_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("upload_file_tenant_idx", "tenant_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     storage_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     key: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    size: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
+    size: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
     extension: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     mime_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     created_by_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'account'::character varying")
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'account'::character varying")
     )
     created_by: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    used: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    used: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     used_by: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    used_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=True)
+    used_at: Mapped[datetime | None] = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=True)
     hash: Mapped[str | None] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     source_url: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.TEXT, default="")
 
@@ -1623,71 +1623,71 @@ class UploadFile(Base):
 class ApiRequest(Base):
     __tablename__ = "api_requests"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_request_pkey"),
-        db.Index("api_request_token_idx", "tenant_id", "api_token_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="api_request_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("api_request_token_idx", "tenant_id", "api_token_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     api_token_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     path: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    request = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    response = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    request = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    response = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     ip: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class MessageChain(Base):
     __tablename__ = "message_chains"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_chain_pkey"),
-        db.Index("message_chain_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_chain_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("message_chain_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    input = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    output = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
+    input = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    output = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class MessageAgentThought(Base):
     __tablename__ = "message_agent_thoughts"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_agent_thought_pkey"),
-        db.Index("message_agent_thought_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
-        db.Index("message_agent_thought_message_chain_id_idx", "message_chain_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="message_agent_thought_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("message_agent_thought_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.Index("message_agent_thought_message_chain_id_idx", "message_chain_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     message_chain_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
-    thought = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    tool = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    tool_labels_str = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'{}'::text"))
-    tool_meta_str = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'{}'::text"))
-    tool_input = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    observation = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
+    thought = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    tool = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    tool_labels_str = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'{}'::text"))
+    tool_meta_str = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'{}'::text"))
+    tool_input = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    observation = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     # plugin_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)  ## for future design
-    tool_process_data = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    message = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    message_token: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    message_unit_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric, nullable=True)
-    message_price_unit = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0.001"))
-    message_files = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    answer = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    answer_token: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric, nullable=True)
-    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0.001"))
-    tokens: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    total_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric, nullable=True)
+    tool_process_data = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    message = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    message_token: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    message_unit_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric, nullable=True)
+    message_price_unit = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0.001"))
+    message_files = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    answer = db.Column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    answer_token: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric, nullable=True)
+    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0.001"))
+    tokens: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    total_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric, nullable=True)
     currency = mapped_column(String, nullable=True)
-    latency: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=True)
+    latency: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=True)
     created_by_role = mapped_column(String, nullable=False)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
 
     @property
     def files(self) -> list:
@@ -1769,80 +1769,80 @@ class MessageAgentThought(Base):
 class DatasetRetrieverResource(Base):
     __tablename__ = "dataset_retriever_resources"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_retriever_resource_pkey"),
-        db.Index("dataset_retriever_resource_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="dataset_retriever_resource_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("dataset_retriever_resource_message_id_idx", "message_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False)
+    position: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False)
     dataset_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    dataset_name = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    dataset_name = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     document_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    document_name = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    data_source_type = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    document_name = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    data_source_type = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     segment_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
-    score: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=True)
-    content = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
-    hit_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    word_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    segment_position: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
-    index_node_hash = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    retriever_from = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    score: Mapped[Optional[float]] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=True)
+    content = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
+    hit_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    word_count: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    segment_position: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
+    index_node_hash = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    retriever_from = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class Tag(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tags"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tag_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tag_type_idx", "type"),
-        db.Index("tag_name_idx", "name"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tag_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tag_type_idx", "type"),
+        sa.Index("tag_name_idx", "name"),
     )
 
     TAG_TYPE_LIST = ["knowledge", "app"]
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     type = mapped_column(String(16), nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class TagBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tag_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tag_binding_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tag_bind_target_id_idx", "target_id"),
-        db.Index("tag_bind_tag_id_idx", "tag_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tag_binding_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tag_bind_target_id_idx", "target_id"),
+        sa.Index("tag_bind_tag_id_idx", "tag_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     tag_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     target_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
 
 class TraceAppConfig(Base):
     __tablename__ = "trace_app_config"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tracing_app_config_pkey"),
-        db.Index("trace_app_config_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tracing_app_config_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("trace_app_config_app_id_idx", "app_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     tracing_provider = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
-    tracing_config = mapped_column(db.JSON, nullable=True)
-    created_at = mapped_column(db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
+    tracing_config = mapped_column(sa.JSON, nullable=True)
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at = mapped_column(
-        db.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=func.current_timestamp()
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), onupdate=func.current_timestamp()
     )
-    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    is_active: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
 
     @property
     def tracing_config_dict(self):
diff --git a/api/models/provider.py b/api/models/provider.py
index 7bfc249b0..4ea2c59fd 100644
--- a/api/models/provider.py
+++ b/api/models/provider.py
@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ from datetime import datetime
 from enum import Enum
 from typing import Optional
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, func, text
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
 from .base import Base
-from .engine import db
 from .types import StringUUID
 
 
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ class Provider(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_pkey"),
-        db.Index("provider_tenant_id_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint(
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("provider_tenant_id_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
             "tenant_id", "provider_name", "provider_type", "quota_type", name="unique_provider_name_type_quota"
         ),
     )
@@ -60,15 +60,15 @@ class Provider(Base):
     provider_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
         String(40), nullable=False, server_default=text("'custom'::character varying")
     )
-    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    is_valid: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
+    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    is_valid: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
     last_used: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=True)
 
     quota_type: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(
         String(40), nullable=True, server_default=text("''::character varying")
     )
-    quota_limit: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.BigInteger, nullable=True)
-    quota_used: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.BigInteger, default=0)
+    quota_limit: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, nullable=True)
+    quota_used: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, default=0)
 
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ class ProviderModel(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "provider_models"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_model_pkey"),
-        db.Index("provider_model_tenant_id_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint(
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_model_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("provider_model_tenant_id_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint(
             "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_name", "model_type", name="unique_provider_model_name"
         ),
     )
@@ -116,8 +116,8 @@ class ProviderModel(Base):
     provider_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
-    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    is_valid: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
+    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    is_valid: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
@@ -125,8 +125,8 @@ class ProviderModel(Base):
 class TenantDefaultModel(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tenant_default_models"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_default_model_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tenant_default_model_tenant_id_provider_type_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_default_model_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tenant_default_model_tenant_id_provider_type_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
     )
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
@@ -141,8 +141,8 @@ class TenantDefaultModel(Base):
 class TenantPreferredModelProvider(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tenant_preferred_model_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_preferred_model_provider_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tenant_preferred_model_provider_tenant_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tenant_preferred_model_provider_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tenant_preferred_model_provider_tenant_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
     )
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
@@ -156,8 +156,8 @@ class TenantPreferredModelProvider(Base):
 class ProviderOrder(Base):
     __tablename__ = "provider_orders"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_order_pkey"),
-        db.Index("provider_order_tenant_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_order_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("provider_order_tenant_provider_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name"),
     )
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
@@ -167,9 +167,9 @@ class ProviderOrder(Base):
     payment_product_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(191), nullable=False)
     payment_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(191))
     transaction_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(191))
-    quantity: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=text("1"))
+    quantity: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=text("1"))
     currency: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(40))
-    total_amount: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer)
+    total_amount: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer)
     payment_status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
         String(40), nullable=False, server_default=text("'wait_pay'::character varying")
     )
@@ -187,8 +187,8 @@ class ProviderModelSetting(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "provider_model_settings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_model_setting_pkey"),
-        db.Index("provider_model_setting_tenant_provider_model_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="provider_model_setting_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("provider_model_setting_tenant_provider_model_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
     )
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
@@ -196,8 +196,8 @@ class ProviderModelSetting(Base):
     provider_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
-    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("true"))
-    load_balancing_enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("true"))
+    load_balancing_enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("false"))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
 
@@ -209,8 +209,8 @@ class LoadBalancingModelConfig(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "load_balancing_model_configs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="load_balancing_model_config_pkey"),
-        db.Index("load_balancing_model_config_tenant_provider_model_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="load_balancing_model_config_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("load_balancing_model_config_tenant_provider_model_idx", "tenant_id", "provider_name", "model_type"),
     )
 
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ class LoadBalancingModelConfig(Base):
     model_name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     model_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
-    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("true"))
+    encrypted_config: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=text("true"))
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
diff --git a/api/models/source.py b/api/models/source.py
index 8191c874a..8456d65a8 100644
--- a/api/models/source.py
+++ b/api/models/source.py
@@ -2,50 +2,50 @@ import json
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, func
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import JSONB
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
 from models.base import Base
 
-from .engine import db
 from .types import StringUUID
 
 
 class DataSourceOauthBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "data_source_oauth_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="source_binding_pkey"),
-        db.Index("source_binding_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("source_info_idx", "source_info", postgresql_using="gin"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="source_binding_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("source_binding_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("source_info_idx", "source_info", postgresql_using="gin"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     access_token: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     source_info = mapped_column(JSONB, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    disabled: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    disabled: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=sa.text("false"))
 
 
 class DataSourceApiKeyAuthBinding(Base):
     __tablename__ = "data_source_api_key_auth_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="data_source_api_key_auth_binding_pkey"),
-        db.Index("data_source_api_key_auth_binding_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
-        db.Index("data_source_api_key_auth_binding_provider_idx", "provider"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="data_source_api_key_auth_binding_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("data_source_api_key_auth_binding_tenant_id_idx", "tenant_id"),
+        sa.Index("data_source_api_key_auth_binding_provider_idx", "provider"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     category: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    credentials = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)  # JSON
+    credentials = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)  # JSON
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
-    disabled: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    disabled: Mapped[Optional[bool]] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=True, server_default=sa.text("false"))
 
     def to_dict(self):
         return {
diff --git a/api/models/task.py b/api/models/task.py
index 66a47ea4d..ab700c553 100644
--- a/api/models/task.py
+++ b/api/models/task.py
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 from typing import Optional
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from celery import states  # type: ignore
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ class CeleryTask(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "celery_taskmeta"
 
-    id = mapped_column(db.Integer, db.Sequence("task_id_sequence"), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
+    id = mapped_column(sa.Integer, sa.Sequence("task_id_sequence"), primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
     task_id = mapped_column(String(155), unique=True)
     status = mapped_column(String(50), default=states.PENDING)
     result = mapped_column(db.PickleType, nullable=True)
@@ -26,12 +27,12 @@ class CeleryTask(Base):
         onupdate=lambda: naive_utc_now(),
         nullable=True,
     )
-    traceback = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    traceback = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     name = mapped_column(String(155), nullable=True)
-    args = mapped_column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=True)
-    kwargs = mapped_column(db.LargeBinary, nullable=True)
+    args = mapped_column(sa.LargeBinary, nullable=True)
+    kwargs = mapped_column(sa.LargeBinary, nullable=True)
     worker = mapped_column(String(155), nullable=True)
-    retries: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=True)
+    retries: Mapped[Optional[int]] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=True)
     queue = mapped_column(String(155), nullable=True)
 
 
@@ -41,7 +42,7 @@ class CeleryTaskSet(Base):
     __tablename__ = "celery_tasksetmeta"
 
     id: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(
-        db.Integer, db.Sequence("taskset_id_sequence"), autoincrement=True, primary_key=True
+        sa.Integer, sa.Sequence("taskset_id_sequence"), autoincrement=True, primary_key=True
     )
     taskset_id = mapped_column(String(155), unique=True)
     result = mapped_column(db.PickleType, nullable=True)
diff --git a/api/models/tools.py b/api/models/tools.py
index 1491cd90c..408c1371c 100644
--- a/api/models/tools.py
+++ b/api/models/tools.py
@@ -25,33 +25,33 @@ from .types import StringUUID
 class ToolOAuthSystemClient(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tool_oauth_system_clients"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_oauth_system_client_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("plugin_id", "provider", name="tool_oauth_system_client_plugin_id_provider_idx"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_oauth_system_client_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("plugin_id", "provider", name="tool_oauth_system_client_plugin_id_provider_idx"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     plugin_id = mapped_column(String(512), nullable=False)
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     # oauth params of the tool provider
-    encrypted_oauth_params: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    encrypted_oauth_params: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
 
 # tenant level tool oauth client params (client_id, client_secret, etc.)
 class ToolOAuthTenantClient(Base):
     __tablename__ = "tool_oauth_tenant_clients"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_oauth_tenant_client_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "plugin_id", "provider", name="unique_tool_oauth_tenant_client"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_oauth_tenant_client_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "plugin_id", "provider", name="unique_tool_oauth_tenant_client"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # tenant id
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     plugin_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(512), nullable=False)
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
-    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("true"))
+    enabled: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("true"))
     # oauth params of the tool provider
-    encrypted_oauth_params: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    encrypted_oauth_params: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
     @property
     def oauth_params(self) -> dict:
@@ -65,14 +65,14 @@ class BuiltinToolProvider(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_builtin_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_builtin_provider_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "provider", "name", name="unique_builtin_tool_provider"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_builtin_provider_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "provider", "name", name="unique_builtin_tool_provider"),
     )
 
     # id of the tool provider
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(256), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'API KEY 1'::character varying")
+        String(256), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'API KEY 1'::character varying")
     )
     # id of the tenant
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=True)
@@ -81,19 +81,19 @@ class BuiltinToolProvider(Base):
     # name of the tool provider
     provider: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(256), nullable=False)
     # credential of the tool provider
-    encrypted_credentials: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    encrypted_credentials: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
-    is_default: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("false"))
+    is_default: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("false"))
     # credential type, e.g., "api-key", "oauth2"
     credential_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        String(32), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'api-key'::character varying")
+        String(32), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'api-key'::character varying")
     )
-    expires_at: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.BigInteger, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("-1"))
+    expires_at: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("-1"))
 
     @property
     def credentials(self) -> dict:
@@ -107,28 +107,28 @@ class ApiToolProvider(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_api_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_api_provider_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("name", "tenant_id", name="unique_api_tool_provider"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_api_provider_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("name", "tenant_id", name="unique_api_tool_provider"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # name of the api provider
-    name = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'API KEY 1'::character varying"))
+    name = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'API KEY 1'::character varying"))
     # icon
     icon: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     # original schema
-    schema = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    schema = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     schema_type_str: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
     # who created this tool
     user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # tenant id
     tenant_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # description of the provider
-    description = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    description = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # json format tools
-    tools_str = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    tools_str = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # json format credentials
-    credentials_str = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    credentials_str = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # privacy policy
     privacy_policy = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True)
     # custom_disclaimer
@@ -167,11 +167,11 @@ class ToolLabelBinding(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_label_bindings"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_label_bind_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tool_id", "label_name", name="unique_tool_label_bind"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_label_bind_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tool_id", "label_name", name="unique_tool_label_bind"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # tool id
     tool_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
     # tool type
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ class WorkflowToolProvider(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_workflow_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_workflow_provider_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("name", "tenant_id", name="unique_workflow_tool_provider"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_workflow_tool_provider_app_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_workflow_provider_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("name", "tenant_id", name="unique_workflow_tool_provider"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "app_id", name="unique_workflow_tool_provider_app_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # name of the workflow provider
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     # label of the workflow provider
@@ -208,17 +208,17 @@ class WorkflowToolProvider(Base):
     # tenant id
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # description of the provider
-    description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    description: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # parameter configuration
-    parameter_configuration: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False, server_default="[]")
+    parameter_configuration: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False, server_default="[]")
     # privacy policy
     privacy_policy: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=True, server_default="")
 
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
 
     @property
@@ -245,19 +245,19 @@ class MCPToolProvider(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_mcp_providers"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_mcp_provider_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "server_url_hash", name="unique_mcp_provider_server_url"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "name", name="unique_mcp_provider_name"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "server_identifier", name="unique_mcp_provider_server_identifier"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_mcp_provider_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "server_url_hash", name="unique_mcp_provider_server_url"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "name", name="unique_mcp_provider_name"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("tenant_id", "server_identifier", name="unique_mcp_provider_server_identifier"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # name of the mcp provider
     name: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
     # server identifier of the mcp provider
     server_identifier: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
     # encrypted url of the mcp provider
-    server_url: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    server_url: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # hash of server_url for uniqueness check
     server_url_hash: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(64), nullable=False)
     # icon of the mcp provider
@@ -267,16 +267,16 @@ class MCPToolProvider(Base):
     # who created this tool
     user_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # encrypted credentials
-    encrypted_credentials: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=True)
+    encrypted_credentials: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=True)
     # authed
-    authed: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(db.Boolean, nullable=False, default=False)
+    authed: Mapped[bool] = mapped_column(sa.Boolean, nullable=False, default=False)
     # tools
-    tools: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False, default="[]")
+    tools: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False, default="[]")
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
     updated_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
-        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
+        sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)")
     )
 
     def load_user(self) -> Account | None:
@@ -347,9 +347,9 @@ class ToolModelInvoke(Base):
     """
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_model_invokes"
-    __table_args__ = (db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_model_invoke_pkey"),)
+    __table_args__ = (sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_model_invoke_pkey"),)
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # who invoke this tool
     user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # tenant id
@@ -361,18 +361,18 @@ class ToolModelInvoke(Base):
     # tool name
     tool_name = mapped_column(String(128), nullable=False)
     # invoke parameters
-    model_parameters = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    model_parameters = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # prompt messages
-    prompt_messages = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    prompt_messages = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # invoke response
-    model_response = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    model_response = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
-    prompt_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    answer_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
-    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0.001"))
-    provider_response_latency = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    total_price = mapped_column(db.Numeric(10, 7))
+    prompt_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    answer_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    answer_unit_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 4), nullable=False)
+    answer_price_unit = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0.001"))
+    provider_response_latency = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    total_price = mapped_column(sa.Numeric(10, 7))
     currency: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
     created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -386,13 +386,13 @@ class ToolConversationVariables(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_conversation_variables"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_conversation_variables_pkey"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_conversation_variables_pkey"),
         # add index for user_id and conversation_id
-        db.Index("user_id_idx", "user_id"),
-        db.Index("conversation_id_idx", "conversation_id"),
+        sa.Index("user_id_idx", "user_id"),
+        sa.Index("conversation_id_idx", "conversation_id"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # conversation user id
     user_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # tenant id
@@ -400,7 +400,7 @@ class ToolConversationVariables(Base):
     # conversation id
     conversation_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # variables pool
-    variables_str = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    variables_str = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
 
     created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -417,11 +417,11 @@ class ToolFile(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_files"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_file_pkey"),
-        db.Index("tool_file_conversation_id_idx", "conversation_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="tool_file_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("tool_file_conversation_id_idx", "conversation_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # conversation user id
     user_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     # tenant id
@@ -448,30 +448,30 @@ class DeprecatedPublishedAppTool(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "tool_published_apps"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="published_app_tool_pkey"),
-        db.UniqueConstraint("app_id", "user_id", name="unique_published_app_tool"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="published_app_tool_pkey"),
+        sa.UniqueConstraint("app_id", "user_id", name="unique_published_app_tool"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     # id of the app
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, ForeignKey("apps.id"), nullable=False)
 
     user_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     # who published this tool
-    description = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    description = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # llm_description of the tool, for LLM
-    llm_description = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    llm_description = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # query description, query will be seem as a parameter of the tool,
     # to describe this parameter to llm, we need this field
-    query_description = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    query_description = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     # query name, the name of the query parameter
     query_name = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
     # name of the tool provider
     tool_name = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
     # author
     author = mapped_column(String(40), nullable=False)
-    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
-    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=db.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
+    created_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
+    updated_at = mapped_column(sa.DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("CURRENT_TIMESTAMP(0)"))
 
     @property
     def description_i18n(self) -> I18nObject:
diff --git a/api/models/web.py b/api/models/web.py
index 1bf9b5c76..74f99e187 100644
--- a/api/models/web.py
+++ b/api/models/web.py
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 from datetime import datetime
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, String, func
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, mapped_column
 
@@ -13,15 +14,15 @@ from .types import StringUUID
 class SavedMessage(Base):
     __tablename__ = "saved_messages"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="saved_message_pkey"),
-        db.Index("saved_message_message_idx", "app_id", "message_id", "created_by_role", "created_by"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="saved_message_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("saved_message_message_idx", "app_id", "message_id", "created_by_role", "created_by"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     message_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_by_role = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'end_user'::character varying")
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'end_user'::character varying")
     )
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
@@ -34,15 +35,15 @@ class SavedMessage(Base):
 class PinnedConversation(Base):
     __tablename__ = "pinned_conversations"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pinned_conversation_pkey"),
-        db.Index("pinned_conversation_conversation_idx", "app_id", "conversation_id", "created_by_role", "created_by"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="pinned_conversation_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("pinned_conversation_conversation_idx", "app_id", "conversation_id", "created_by_role", "created_by"),
     )
 
-    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     app_id = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     conversation_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     created_by_role = mapped_column(
-        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=db.text("'end_user'::character varying")
+        String(255), nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("'end_user'::character varying")
     )
     created_by = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
diff --git a/api/models/workflow.py b/api/models/workflow.py
index 6c7d061bb..9cf6a0045 100644
--- a/api/models/workflow.py
+++ b/api/models/workflow.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ from enum import Enum, StrEnum
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Optional, Union
 from uuid import uuid4
 
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from flask_login import current_user
 from sqlalchemy import DateTime, orm
 
@@ -24,7 +25,6 @@ from ._workflow_exc import NodeNotFoundError, WorkflowDataError
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from models.model import AppMode
 
-import sqlalchemy as sa
 from sqlalchemy import Index, PrimaryKeyConstraint, String, UniqueConstraint, func
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Mapped, declared_attr, mapped_column
 
@@ -117,11 +117,11 @@ class Workflow(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "workflows"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_pkey"),
-        db.Index("workflow_version_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id", "version"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("workflow_version_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id", "version"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255), nullable=False)
@@ -140,10 +140,10 @@ class Workflow(Base):
         server_onupdate=func.current_timestamp(),
     )
     _environment_variables: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        "environment_variables", db.Text, nullable=False, server_default="{}"
+        "environment_variables", sa.Text, nullable=False, server_default="{}"
     )
     _conversation_variables: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(
-        "conversation_variables", db.Text, nullable=False, server_default="{}"
+        "conversation_variables", sa.Text, nullable=False, server_default="{}"
     )
 
     VERSION_DRAFT = "draft"
@@ -491,11 +491,11 @@ class WorkflowRun(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "workflow_runs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_run_pkey"),
-        db.Index("workflow_run_triggerd_from_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id", "triggered_from"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_run_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("workflow_run_triggerd_from_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id", "triggered_from"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
 
@@ -503,19 +503,19 @@ class WorkflowRun(Base):
     type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     triggered_from: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     version: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    graph: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    inputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    graph: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    inputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))  # running, succeeded, failed, stopped, partial-succeeded
     outputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text, default="{}")
-    error: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    elapsed_time: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(db.Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    error: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    elapsed_time: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(sa.Float, nullable=False, server_default=sa.text("0"))
     total_tokens: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.BigInteger, server_default=sa.text("0"))
-    total_steps: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, server_default=db.text("0"), nullable=True)
+    total_steps: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, server_default=sa.text("0"), nullable=True)
     created_by_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))  # account, end_user
     created_by: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     finished_at: Mapped[Optional[datetime]] = mapped_column(DateTime)
-    exceptions_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer, server_default=db.text("0"), nullable=True)
+    exceptions_count: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer, server_default=sa.text("0"), nullable=True)
 
     @property
     def created_by_account(self):
@@ -704,25 +704,25 @@ class WorkflowNodeExecutionModel(Base):
             ),
         )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     workflow_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     triggered_from: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     workflow_run_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
-    index: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(db.Integer)
+    index: Mapped[int] = mapped_column(sa.Integer)
     predecessor_node_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))
     node_execution_id: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(String(255))
     node_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     node_type: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     title: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    inputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    process_data: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    outputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    inputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    process_data: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    outputs: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     status: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
-    error: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
-    elapsed_time: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(db.Float, server_default=db.text("0"))
-    execution_metadata: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(db.Text)
+    error: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
+    elapsed_time: Mapped[float] = mapped_column(sa.Float, server_default=sa.text("0"))
+    execution_metadata: Mapped[Optional[str]] = mapped_column(sa.Text)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(DateTime, server_default=func.current_timestamp())
     created_by_role: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(String(255))
     created_by: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
@@ -834,11 +834,11 @@ class WorkflowAppLog(Base):
 
     __tablename__ = "workflow_app_logs"
     __table_args__ = (
-        db.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_app_log_pkey"),
-        db.Index("workflow_app_log_app_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id"),
+        sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint("id", name="workflow_app_log_pkey"),
+        sa.Index("workflow_app_log_app_idx", "tenant_id", "app_id"),
     )
 
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
     tenant_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID)
     workflow_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False)
@@ -871,7 +871,7 @@ class ConversationVariable(Base):
     id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True)
     conversation_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, primary_key=True, index=True)
     app_id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, nullable=False, index=True)
-    data: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(db.Text, nullable=False)
+    data: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(sa.Text, nullable=False)
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
         DateTime, nullable=False, server_default=func.current_timestamp(), index=True
     )
@@ -933,7 +933,7 @@ class WorkflowDraftVariable(Base):
     __allow_unmapped__ = True
 
     # id is the unique identifier of a draft variable.
-    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=db.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
+    id: Mapped[str] = mapped_column(StringUUID, primary_key=True, server_default=sa.text("uuid_generate_v4()"))
 
     created_at: Mapped[datetime] = mapped_column(
         DateTime,
diff --git a/api/services/plugin/data_migration.py b/api/services/plugin/data_migration.py
index 7a4f886bf..c5ad65ec8 100644
--- a/api/services/plugin/data_migration.py
+++ b/api/services/plugin/data_migration.py
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ import json
 import logging
 
 import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 
 from core.plugin.entities.plugin import GenericProviderID, ModelProviderID, ToolProviderID
 from models.engine import db
@@ -38,7 +39,7 @@ class PluginDataMigration:
 where {provider_column_name} not like '%/%' and {provider_column_name} is not null and {provider_column_name} != ''
 limit 1000"""
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql))
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql))
 
                 current_iter_count = 0
                 for i in rs:
@@ -94,7 +95,7 @@ limit 1000"""
                         :provider_name
                         {update_retrieval_model_sql}
                         where id = :record_id"""
-                        conn.execute(db.text(sql), params)
+                        conn.execute(sa.text(sql), params)
                         click.echo(
                             click.style(
                                 f"[{processed_count}] Migrated [{table_name}] {record_id} ({provider_name})",
@@ -148,7 +149,7 @@ limit 1000"""
             params = {"last_id": last_id or ""}
 
             with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-                rs = conn.execute(db.text(sql), params)
+                rs = conn.execute(sa.text(sql), params)
 
                 current_iter_count = 0
                 batch_updates = []
@@ -193,7 +194,7 @@ limit 1000"""
                         SET {provider_column_name} = :updated_value
                         WHERE id = :record_id
                     """
-                    conn.execute(db.text(update_sql), [{"updated_value": u, "record_id": r} for u, r in batch_updates])
+                    conn.execute(sa.text(update_sql), [{"updated_value": u, "record_id": r} for u, r in batch_updates])
                     click.echo(
                         click.style(
                             f"[{processed_count}] Batch migrated [{len(batch_updates)}] records from [{table_name}]",
diff --git a/api/services/plugin/plugin_migration.py b/api/services/plugin/plugin_migration.py
index 222d70a31..221069b2b 100644
--- a/api/services/plugin/plugin_migration.py
+++ b/api/services/plugin/plugin_migration.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import Any, Optional
 from uuid import uuid4
 
 import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 import tqdm
 from flask import Flask, current_app
 from sqlalchemy.orm import Session
@@ -197,7 +198,7 @@ class PluginMigration:
         """
         with Session(db.engine) as session:
             rs = session.execute(
-                db.text(f"SELECT DISTINCT {column} FROM {table} WHERE tenant_id = :tenant_id"), {"tenant_id": tenant_id}
+                sa.text(f"SELECT DISTINCT {column} FROM {table} WHERE tenant_id = :tenant_id"), {"tenant_id": tenant_id}
             )
             result = []
             for row in rs:
diff --git a/api/tasks/remove_app_and_related_data_task.py b/api/tasks/remove_app_and_related_data_task.py
index b6f772dd6..929b60e52 100644
--- a/api/tasks/remove_app_and_related_data_task.py
+++ b/api/tasks/remove_app_and_related_data_task.py
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import time
 from collections.abc import Callable
 
 import click
+import sqlalchemy as sa
 from celery import shared_task  # type: ignore
 from sqlalchemy import delete
 from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@ def _delete_trace_app_configs(tenant_id: str, app_id: str):
 def _delete_records(query_sql: str, params: dict, delete_func: Callable, name: str) -> None:
     while True:
         with db.engine.begin() as conn:
-            rs = conn.execute(db.text(query_sql), params)
+            rs = conn.execute(sa.text(query_sql), params)
             if rs.rowcount == 0:
                 break