完成

2025-08-24 13:01:09 +08:00
parent 61e51ad014
commit f028913eb8
36 changed files with 10420 additions and 70 deletions
--- a/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/handlers.go
+++ b/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/handlers.go
@@ -0,0 +1,369 @@
+/*
+handlers.go - 请求处理器
+实现了各种HTTP请求的处理逻辑
+*/
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"strconv"
+	"time"
+
+	"webserver/models"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+)
+
+// Response 通用响应结构
+type Response struct {
+	Status  string      `json:"status"`
+	Message string      `json:"message,omitempty"`
+	Data    interface{} `json:"data,omitempty"`
+	Error   string      `json:"error,omitempty"`
+	Count   int         `json:"count,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// HealthResponse 健康检查响应
+type HealthResponse struct {
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	Timestamp string `json:"timestamp"`
+	Uptime    string `json:"uptime"`
+	Version   string `json:"version"`
+}
+
+// StatsResponse 统计信息响应
+type StatsResponse struct {
+	Status       string           `json:"status"`
+	Timestamp    string           `json:"timestamp"`
+	Uptime       string           `json:"uptime"`
+	Version      string           `json:"version"`
+	GoVersion    string           `json:"go_version"`
+	NumCPU       int              `json:"num_cpu"`
+	NumGoroutine int              `json:"num_goroutine"`
+	MemStats     runtime.MemStats `json:"mem_stats"`
+}
+
+var (
+	startTime = time.Now()
+	version   = "1.0.0"
+)
+
+// HomeHandler 首页处理器
+func HomeHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	html := `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="zh-CN">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Go Web服务器</title>
+    <style>
+        body { font-family: Arial, sans-serif; margin: 40px; background-color: #f5f5f5; }
+        .container { max-width: 800px; margin: 0 auto; background: white; padding: 30px; border-radius: 10px; box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1); }
+        h1 { color: #333; text-align: center; }
+        .api-list { background: #f8f9fa; padding: 20px; border-radius: 5px; margin: 20px 0; }
+        .api-item { margin: 10px 0; padding: 10px; background: white; border-left: 4px solid #007bff; }
+        .method { font-weight: bold; color: #007bff; }
+        .endpoint { font-family: monospace; background: #e9ecef; padding: 2px 6px; border-radius: 3px; }
+        .description { color: #666; margin-top: 5px; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🚀 Go Web服务器</h1>
+        <p>欢迎使用Go语言编写的简单Web服务器！这个项目演示了HTTP服务器、RESTful API、JSON处理等功能。</p>
+        
+        <h2>📚 API接口</h2>
+        <div class="api-list">
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">GET</span> <span class="endpoint">/health</span>
+                <div class="description">健康检查</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">GET</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/stats</span>
+                <div class="description">服务器统计信息</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">GET</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/users</span>
+                <div class="description">获取所有用户</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">POST</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/users</span>
+                <div class="description">创建新用户</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">GET</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/users/{id}</span>
+                <div class="description">获取指定用户</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">PUT</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/users/{id}</span>
+                <div class="description">更新用户信息</div>
+            </div>
+            <div class="api-item">
+                <span class="method">DELETE</span> <span class="endpoint">/api/users/{id}</span>
+                <div class="description">删除用户</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        
+        <h2>🛠️ 使用示例</h2>
+        <pre style="background: #f8f9fa; padding: 15px; border-radius: 5px; overflow-x: auto;">
+# 获取所有用户
+curl http://localhost:8080/api/users
+
+# 创建新用户
+curl -X POST http://localhost:8080/api/users \
+  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+  -d '{"name":"张三","email":"zhangsan@example.com","age":25}'
+
+# 健康检查
+curl http://localhost:8080/health
+        </pre>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	w.Write([]byte(html))
+}
+
+// HealthHandler 健康检查处理器
+func HealthHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	uptime := time.Since(startTime)
+
+	response := HealthResponse{
+		Status:    "healthy",
+		Timestamp: time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Uptime:    uptime.String(),
+		Version:   version,
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(response)
+}
+
+// StatsHandler 统计信息处理器
+func StatsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	uptime := time.Since(startTime)
+	var memStats runtime.MemStats
+	runtime.ReadMemStats(&memStats)
+
+	response := StatsResponse{
+		Status:       "success",
+		Timestamp:    time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		Uptime:       uptime.String(),
+		Version:      version,
+		GoVersion:    runtime.Version(),
+		NumCPU:       runtime.NumCPU(),
+		NumGoroutine: runtime.NumGoroutine(),
+		MemStats:     memStats,
+	}
+
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+	json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(response)
+}
+
+// GetUsersHandler 获取所有用户
+func GetUsersHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	users, err := models.GetAllUsers()
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "获取用户列表失败", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := Response{
+		Status: "success",
+		Data:   users,
+		Count:  len(users),
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// GetUserHandler 获取指定用户
+func GetUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(r)
+	id, err := strconv.Atoi(vars["id"])
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "无效的用户ID", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	user, err := models.GetUserByID(id)
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "用户不存在", http.StatusNotFound)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := Response{
+		Status: "success",
+		Data:   user,
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// CreateUserHandler 创建新用户
+func CreateUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	var user models.User
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "无效的JSON数据", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 验证用户数据
+	if err := user.Validate(); err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 创建用户
+	createdUser, err := models.CreateUser(user)
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "创建用户失败", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := Response{
+		Status:  "success",
+		Message: "用户创建成功",
+		Data:    createdUser,
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, http.StatusCreated)
+}
+
+// UpdateUserHandler 更新用户信息
+func UpdateUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(r)
+	id, err := strconv.Atoi(vars["id"])
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "无效的用户ID", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	var user models.User
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(r.Body).Decode(&user); err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "无效的JSON数据", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 设置用户ID
+	user.ID = id
+
+	// 验证用户数据
+	if err := user.Validate(); err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, err.Error(), http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 更新用户
+	updatedUser, err := models.UpdateUser(user)
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "更新用户失败", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := Response{
+		Status:  "success",
+		Message: "用户更新成功",
+		Data:    updatedUser,
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// DeleteUserHandler 删除用户
+func DeleteUserHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	vars := mux.Vars(r)
+	id, err := strconv.Atoi(vars["id"])
+	if err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "无效的用户ID", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if err := models.DeleteUser(id); err != nil {
+		sendErrorResponse(w, "删除用户失败", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := Response{
+		Status:  "success",
+		Message: "用户删除成功",
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// APIDocHandler API文档处理器
+func APIDocHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	doc := map[string]interface{}{
+		"title":       "Go Web服务器 API",
+		"version":     version,
+		"description": "一个简单的RESTful API服务器",
+		"endpoints": map[string]interface{}{
+			"health": map[string]string{
+				"method":      "GET",
+				"path":        "/health",
+				"description": "健康检查",
+			},
+			"stats": map[string]string{
+				"method":      "GET",
+				"path":        "/api/stats",
+				"description": "服务器统计信息",
+			},
+			"users": map[string]interface{}{
+				"list": map[string]string{
+					"method":      "GET",
+					"path":        "/api/users",
+					"description": "获取所有用户",
+				},
+				"get": map[string]string{
+					"method":      "GET",
+					"path":        "/api/users/{id}",
+					"description": "获取指定用户",
+				},
+				"create": map[string]string{
+					"method":      "POST",
+					"path":        "/api/users",
+					"description": "创建新用户",
+				},
+				"update": map[string]string{
+					"method":      "PUT",
+					"path":        "/api/users/{id}",
+					"description": "更新用户信息",
+				},
+				"delete": map[string]string{
+					"method":      "DELETE",
+					"path":        "/api/users/{id}",
+					"description": "删除用户",
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	sendJSONResponse(w, doc, http.StatusOK)
+}
+
+// sendJSONResponse 发送JSON响应
+func sendJSONResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, data interface{}, statusCode int) {
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	w.WriteHeader(statusCode)
+	if err := json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(data); err != nil {
+		http.Error(w, "JSON编码失败", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+	}
+}
+
+// sendErrorResponse 发送错误响应
+func sendErrorResponse(w http.ResponseWriter, message string, statusCode int) {
+	response := Response{
+		Status: "error",
+		Error:  message,
+	}
+	sendJSONResponse(w, response, statusCode)
+}
--- a/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/middleware.go
+++ b/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/middleware.go
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+/*
+middleware.go - 中间件
+实现了各种HTTP中间件功能
+*/
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"log"
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime/debug"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// LoggingMiddleware 日志记录中间件
+func LoggingMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		start := time.Now()
+
+		// 创建响应记录器来捕获状态码
+		recorder := &responseRecorder{
+			ResponseWriter: w,
+			statusCode:     http.StatusOK,
+		}
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(recorder, r)
+
+		// 记录请求日志
+		duration := time.Since(start)
+		log.Printf("[%s] %s %s %d %v",
+			r.Method,
+			r.RequestURI,
+			r.RemoteAddr,
+			recorder.statusCode,
+			duration,
+		)
+	})
+}
+
+// responseRecorder 响应记录器
+type responseRecorder struct {
+	http.ResponseWriter
+	statusCode int
+}
+
+// WriteHeader 记录状态码
+func (rr *responseRecorder) WriteHeader(code int) {
+	rr.statusCode = code
+	rr.ResponseWriter.WriteHeader(code)
+}
+
+// CORSMiddleware CORS中间件
+func CORSMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// 设置CORS头
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Methods", "GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, OPTIONS")
+		w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "Content-Type, Authorization")
+
+		// 处理预检请求
+		if r.Method == "OPTIONS" {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// RecoveryMiddleware 恢复中间件（处理panic）
+func RecoveryMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		defer func() {
+			if err := recover(); err != nil {
+				// 记录panic信息
+				log.Printf("❌ Panic recovered: %v\n%s", err, debug.Stack())
+
+				// 返回500错误
+				http.Error(w, "Internal Server Error", http.StatusInternalServerError)
+			}
+		}()
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// AuthMiddleware 认证中间件（示例）
+func AuthMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// 检查Authorization头
+		token := r.Header.Get("Authorization")
+		if token == "" {
+			http.Error(w, "Unauthorized", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// 这里可以添加实际的token验证逻辑
+		// 为了演示，我们简单检查token是否为"Bearer valid-token"
+		if token != "Bearer valid-token" {
+			http.Error(w, "Invalid token", http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// RateLimitMiddleware 限流中间件（简化版）
+func RateLimitMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	// 这里可以实现基于IP的限流逻辑
+	// 为了简化，我们只是一个示例框架
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// 实际实现中，这里会检查请求频率
+		// 如果超过限制，返回429状态码
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
+
+// ContentTypeMiddleware 内容类型中间件
+func ContentTypeMiddleware(contentType string) func(http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return func(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+		return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", contentType)
+			next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// SecurityMiddleware 安全头中间件
+func SecurityMiddleware(next http.Handler) http.Handler {
+	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		// 设置安全相关的HTTP头
+		w.Header().Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")
+		w.Header().Set("X-Frame-Options", "DENY")
+		w.Header().Set("X-XSS-Protection", "1; mode=block")
+		w.Header().Set("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains")
+
+		// 调用下一个处理器
+		next.ServeHTTP(w, r)
+	})
+}
--- a/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/router.go
+++ b/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/router.go
@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/*
+router.go - 路由管理
+实现了HTTP路由和中间件管理功能
+*/
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/gorilla/mux"
+)
+
+// Router 路由器结构体
+type Router struct {
+	*mux.Router
+}
+
+// NewRouter 创建新的路由器
+func NewRouter() *Router {
+	return &Router{
+		Router: mux.NewRouter(),
+	}
+}
+
+// Use 添加中间件
+func (r *Router) Use(middleware func(http.Handler) http.Handler) {
+	r.Router.Use(middleware)
+}
+
+// Methods 设置HTTP方法（链式调用）
+func (r *Router) Methods(methods ...string) *mux.Route {
+	return r.Router.Methods(methods...)
+}
+
+// PathPrefix 路径前缀
+func (r *Router) PathPrefix(tpl string) *mux.Router {
+	return r.Router.PathPrefix(tpl)
+}
+
+// Subrouter 创建子路由
+func (r *Router) Subrouter() *mux.Router {
+	return r.Router.NewRoute().Subrouter()
+}
+
+// HandleFunc 处理函数路由
+func (r *Router) HandleFunc(path string, f func(http.ResponseWriter, *http.Request)) *mux.Route {
+	return r.Router.HandleFunc(path, f)
+}
+
+// Handle 处理器路由
+func (r *Router) Handle(path string, handler http.Handler) *mux.Route {
+	return r.Router.Handle(path, handler)
+}
+
+// ServeHTTP 实现http.Handler接口
+func (r *Router) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
+	r.Router.ServeHTTP(w, req)
+}
--- a/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/server.go
+++ b/golang-learning/10-projects/03-web-server/server/server.go
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+/*
+server.go - HTTP服务器核心
+实现了HTTP服务器的基本功能和生命周期管理
+*/
+
+package server
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Server HTTP服务器结构体
+type Server struct {
+	httpServer *http.Server
+	router     *Router
+	addr       string
+}
+
+// NewServer 创建新的服务器实例
+func NewServer(addr string) *Server {
+	router := NewRouter()
+
+	return &Server{
+		httpServer: &http.Server{
+			Addr:         addr,
+			Handler:      router,
+			ReadTimeout:  15 * time.Second,
+			WriteTimeout: 15 * time.Second,
+			IdleTimeout:  60 * time.Second,
+		},
+		router: router,
+		addr:   addr,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetupRoutes 设置路由
+func (s *Server) SetupRoutes() {
+	// 添加中间件
+	s.router.Use(LoggingMiddleware)
+	s.router.Use(CORSMiddleware)
+	s.router.Use(RecoveryMiddleware)
+
+	// 静态文件服务
+	s.router.HandleFunc("/", HomeHandler).Methods("GET")
+	s.router.PathPrefix("/static/").Handler(
+		http.StripPrefix("/static/", http.FileServer(http.Dir("./static/"))),
+	)
+
+	// 健康检查
+	s.router.HandleFunc("/health", HealthHandler).Methods("GET")
+
+	// API路由
+	apiRouter := s.router.PathPrefix("/api").Subrouter()
+
+	// 用户管理API
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/users", GetUsersHandler).Methods("GET")
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/users", CreateUserHandler).Methods("POST")
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/users/{id:[0-9]+}", GetUserHandler).Methods("GET")
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/users/{id:[0-9]+}", UpdateUserHandler).Methods("PUT")
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/users/{id:[0-9]+}", DeleteUserHandler).Methods("DELETE")
+
+	// 服务器统计
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("/stats", StatsHandler).Methods("GET")
+
+	// API文档
+	apiRouter.HandleFunc("", APIDocHandler).Methods("GET")
+}
+
+// Start 启动服务器
+func (s *Server) Start() error {
+	fmt.Printf("✅ 服务器启动成功，监听地址: %s\n", s.addr)
+	return s.httpServer.ListenAndServe()
+}
+
+// Shutdown 优雅关闭服务器
+func (s *Server) Shutdown() error {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	return s.httpServer.Shutdown(ctx)
+}
+
+// GetRouter 获取路由器
+func (s *Server) GetRouter() *Router {
+	return s.router
+}
+
+// GetHTTPServer 获取HTTP服务器
+func (s *Server) GetHTTPServer() *http.Server {
+	return s.httpServer
+}